Environmental, social and economic problems in the borkena plain. The working paper making growth green and inclusive. Knowledge about the existence and spread of environmental problems and their. Significant strides towards sustainability and environmental recovery have been made by the government of eritrea. This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The causes of degradation are primarily the demand for.
Environmental, social and economic problems in the borkena. Technology has begun to solve some pollution problems, and public awareness of the extent of pollution will eventually make government bodies to be more proactive rather than. We particularly wish to acknowledge our use in this module of photographs supplied by wateraid in ethiopia and adapted extracts and illustrations from the following sources. For environmental health students introduction to ecology worku legesse, b. Environmental issues, climate changes, and energy security in developing asia benjamin k. The centers for disease control and prevention cdc office in ethiopia was established in 2001 and works closely with the ministry of health and other partners to maintain strong programs in training, treatment, counseling and testing, and laboratory capacity building. Ahmed 1and mohamed helmy elsanabary 2 1 civil engineering department, faculty of engineering, aswan university, egypt. Environmental impacts of globalization and a solution proposal. Elsewhere, the land is subject to erosion, overgrazing, deforestation, and frequent droughts. The main ethiopian rift is geologically active and susceptible to earthquakes. In particular, the impacts of agriculture and deforestation especially on soils have been severe and increase the vulnerability of many people to food and water insecurity. Neither the land reform of 1975, nor the ecological campaigns of the 1980s, the police interference in the 1960s, the troops in the 1990s, nor the land distribution of 1997 could solve the root problems of environmental and social degradation in the area. Agriculture is the backbone of ethiopia s economy now and in the near future, and the main driver of poverty reduction. Environmental issues in ethiopia and links to the ethiopian economy.
Environmental issues, climate changes, and energy security. People with high levels of environmental awareness can shed light on the solution of environmental problems. Introduction an environmental problem arises whenever there is a change in the quality or quantity of any environmental factor which directly or indirectly affects the health and wellbeing of man in an adverse manner. The combined effects of severe drought and a 17year civil war have also added to ethiopias environmental problems. Download times of large pdf files vary based on connection speed. The socioeconomic and environmental issues fao subregional office eastern africa march 2009, addis ababa. Jimma university in collaboration with the ethiopia public health training initiative, the carter center, the ethiopia ministry of health, and the ethiopia ministry of education november 2002.
Jun 14, 2007 as of 1994, 600,000 acres of arable land were washed away each year. Social problems in ethiopia essaysnot all human beings are as fortunate as others. Ethiopia environmental and climate change policy brief sidas. Ethiopia is considered to be the poorest country in the world. Through ongoing activities supporting disaster readiness, we are assisting ethiopia improve its capacity to predict and respond to disastersprincipally drought and famine to which parts of the country are prone. Potential environmental impacts of quarrying stone in. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry. Environmental issues, climate changes, and energy security in. Though five years have elapsed since the adoption of the eia law in ethiopia, the practice is still in its infantile stage, owing to a. National seminar on impact of toxic metals, minerals and solvents leading to environmental pollution2014. By incorporating environmental issues into its work within ethiopia, we strive to develop initiatives that make improvements in multiple sectors and promote sustainable development. Pdf the policy and legislative framework of environmental. For too long, the vicious cycle of unsustainable development, ecosystem degradation, poverty and ill health has been addressed. Underlying these problems is the ethiopian governments poor implementation of policies.
The conservation strategy of ethiopia cse and the environmental policy of ethiopia epe were adopted in 1997. Sovacool is associate professor at vermont law school, and professor of business and social sciences at aarhus university asian development bank. With the exception of climate change, the major environmental issues affecting ethiopia are soil erosion and land degradation, deforestation and forest. Debarteleven 1992 postulates that environmental pollution and degradation are serious problems in eastern and central europe. Acidification the lowering of soil and water ph due to acid precipitation and deposition usually through precipitation. Federal laws on environmental organs establishment, environmental pollution control, solid waste management, and environmental impact assessment eia as. The next section,which is the bulk of the paper, begins exploring these linkages through the lens. An open question article pdf available in the journal of environmental education 412 january 2010 with 117,129 reads how we measure reads. Environmental challenges in ethiopia include climate change, soil degradation. This is a rapid desk based study on environmental issues in ethiopia and links to the ethiopian economy environmental issues in ethiopia and links to the ethiopian economy gov. Environmental problems can be studied from two different viewpoints. Ethiopia concludes that issues pertaining to climate change and the.
The total area of cropland, pastureland and rangeland decreased by 76 million acres in the lower 48 states from 1982 to 2003, while the to. Smallholder peasant agriculture, in some areas including forestry, is the dominant sector accounting for. Environmental issues in ethiopia and links to the ethiopian. Water shortages are common in some areas during the dry season. Watershed management problems in recent years, environment has become a key issue in ethiopia. Apart from a fiveyear occupation by mussolinis italy, it has never been colonised. The ethiopian government promulgated its first ever explicit, comprehensive and multisectoral population policy in 1993. Analysis of the research literature demonstrates unequivocally that environmental degradation is widespread and severe in ethiopia. In spite of these efforts, eia in ethiopia has until now remained weak. But how did these goals come about, what are they, and how can civil society get involved in.
What are the effects of the environmental problems. One of the culprits of environmental damage in ethiopia is land fragmentation. Significant strides towards sustainability and environmental recovery have been made by. Although the government has committed itself to reducing poverty and meeting the millennium development goals, its programs are not horizontally integrated, and focus on immediate crises rather than longterm environmental and population problems.
Within the scope of this theoretical study that deals with the environmental. Yet natural wealth is being eroded despite pockets of great progress. Ethiopia is africas oldest independent country and its second largest in terms of population. Trends and regulatory challenges of environmental institutions. People all over africa are suffering from famine and dying from it. Pdf assessment of the environment pollution and its impact on. The nile river is the best example for this dispute, which is shared by eleven riparian. Right after the 1992 rio conference ethiopia finalized a national conservation strategy also referred to as conservation strategy of ethiopia cse. Environmental pollution usually occurs as a result of energy conversions and the use of resources which leaves their byproducts behind in water, soil or air. At epa, pdf file sizes are labeled and megabytes are indicated by mb. Biological pollution disturbance of the ecological balance by the accidental or deliberate introduction of a foreign organism, animal or plant species into an environment.
The need for environmentalfriendly education policy in nigeria dr. Environmental impacts are wide ranging and can be both direct and indirect. Featuring footage from sean peoples trip to ethiopia last year, this video looks at the efforts of two projects to address the countrys complex challenges with integrated solutions. The suggested position of gerd in ethiopia is located on the blue nile, only five kilometres away from sudans borders as shown in fig. Loss of biodiversity and climate change as presented in. These impacts can lead to problems between neighbouring regions. Environmental pollution, types, causes, impact and. Ethiopia, a directive was issued ordering the people of addis ababa to uproot half of the eucalyptus planted in the town john edy 2001. Environmental pollution is tangled with the unsustainable anthropogenic activities, resulting in substantial public health problems. Implementation of the population policy of ethiopia. Shale gas is captured by hydraulic fracturing or fracking, a process that shatters rocks by injecting water to release the gas. Direct impacts occur when marine life is physically harmed by marine debris through ingestion or entanglement e. Sustainable development goals in 2015, the world agreed a new set of global goals to eradicate extreme poverty and achieve sustainable development. Hot springs and active volcanoes are found in its extreme east close to the red sea.
Following ethiopian practice and the logic of names, please quote and list this author as berhanu, not under his second name. Eritrea faces environmental issues such as continued deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, overgrazing, and significant land loss as a result of the presence of hundreds of thousands of land mines. With the exception of climate change, the major environmental issues affecting ethiopia are soil erosion and land degradation, deforestation and forest degradation, water scarcity, biodiversity. Federal laws on environmental organs establishment, environmental pollution control, solid waste management, and environmental impact assessment eia as well as effluent emission standards have been issued. Population, development, and environment in ethiopia wilson. Pdf the objective of this article is to provide a birds eye view of the policy and legislative framework of environmental rights in ethiopia.
Shale gas has severe climate change, air, water, and landuse impacts. A case study of granville brook dumpsite, freetown, sierra leone 666. Each year, the nation loses 340 square miles of forest land. D department of education foundation management, ignatius ajuru university of education, port harcourt, rivers state nigeria abstract. The policy aimed at harmonizing population growth rate with that of the economy and the capacity of the country for sustainable socioeconomic development. Shale gas shale gas refers to natural gas extracted from gas shales, i. Environmental and health impact of solid waste disposal in developing cities. According to a local environmentalists recent report there are 9. Population, development, and environment in ethiopia. Ethiopia, the land of the great emperor haile selassie, is a land of many lands and a kingdom of many kingdoms. Building on the millennium development goals, they are known as the sustainable development goals, or sdgs. Severely eroded and deforested, ethiopias land is increasingly turning to desert, due to the countrys high population growth, unsustainable land use, and lack of land ownership.
This requires an inclusive approach to the problems. If a document is labeled with a megabyte, it should be considered a large file and it may take a while to download to your pc. Facility 2004, proposal for project development fund pdfb block. Environmental pollution, types, causes, impact and management. Ethiopia is now a landlocked country located at the northeastern part of africa the horn of africa.
Ethiopia has unveiled its sustainable and integrated development planning documents, the 5year growth and transformation plan and the climate resilient green economy strategy that shaped the content of this report. People in borkena in ethiopia suffer from a complex interplay of environmental degradation, increasing shortage of land due to population growth, conflicts between different ethnic and religious identities, and social confrontations as a result of such tensions. Hydrological and environmental impacts of grand ethiopian renaissance dam on the nile river abdelkader t. These areas become childrens sources of contamination due to the incubation and proliferation of flies, mosquitoes, and rodents. How landscapes are managed affects food security, water security, drought security, climate security, and livelihoods security. With the exception of climate change, the major environmental issues affecting ethiopia are soil erosion and land degradation, deforestation and forest degradation, water scarcity, biodiversity loss, and various types of pollution. Severely eroded and deforested, ethiopia s land is increasingly turning to desert, due to the countrys high population growth, unsustainable land use, and lack of land ownership. Evidences from federal and selected regions of ethiopia. Q24, q28 m ajor landuse changes have occurred in the united states during the past 25 years. Kan 2009 originated the fact about china that, it has environmental problems, including outdoor and indoor air pollution, water shortages and pollution, desertification.
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